The work was prepared as part of participation in the III competition of scientific works for the Max Weber Prize, held by the Center for Fundamental Sociology of the HSE University in 2023. The main idea of this article is to reflect various theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of housing rationality, which are based on the concept of multiplicity of rationalities, set mainly by M. Weber in the framework of the economic-sociological approach, as well as M. Douglas in the framework of the theory of culture. To implement this task, the author of the article, taking an interdisciplinary position, refers to modern studies of the problems of rationality in the housing sector in different countries of the world, located mainly on the African and European continents. Despite the absence of a direct connection between the studies, the unanimous refusal of representatives of various sciences from the binary approach "rational - irrational" to the analysis of housing processes was confirmed. At the same time, the discovered difference of approaches lies in the level of analysis of rationality (civilizational, national, urban, etc.), in the subject under study, carrying out social actions (the state, entrepreneurs, etc.), as well as in the features of the methodological position of the researchers themselves (behavioral economics, neo-institutionalism, etc.). In conclusion, it is noted that the legacy of M. Weber played a decisive role in shaping ideas about the multiplicity of rationalities in housing research.

Keywords: Max Weber, multiplicity of rationalities, conflict of rationalities, competition of rationalities, interaction of rationalities, housing rationality, spatial rationality, evidentiary rationality, bounded rationality.